Eczema in Kids
Eczema is a common chronic skin condition that causes inflammation, redness, dryness and intense itching. Children with eczema are often uncomfortable and irritable, particularly at night, because their skin becomes very dry and itchy.
Although the exact cause of eczema is unknown, we know that it is more common in children with a family history of allergic conditions such as eczema, hay fever or asthma. Eczema may begin during the first few months of life and affects approximately one in five children under the age of three.
In most cases, the diagnosis is made simply by examining the child. Special tests are usually unnecessary unless there is a suspicion of a food allergy.
Eczema can affect the face, the folds behind the knees, the front of the elbows, the hands, and many other parts of the body.
The condition typically follows a fluctuating course. There are periods when the skin becomes inflamed and itchy (flare-up), followed by periods when it settles down (remission). These flare-ups may recur after days, weeks or months. Many children outgrow eczema between the ages of two and five years, although some continue to have symptoms for longer. Children with eczema are also more likely to develop hay fever or asthma later in childhood.
Emollients
The most important part of eczema treatment is the regular use of an emollient (moisturiser). The emollient keeps the skin soft and well hydrated, reduce itching, strengthen the skin's protective barrier, and help prevent flare-ups. It should be applied generously and regularly, even when the eczema appears to be completely under control.
Bathing
When bathing your child, use lukewarm water (below 35°C). Avoid ordinary soap, as it dries and irritates the skin. Instead, use a soap substitute or a gentle cleanser specifically designed for eczema-prone skin.
Rinse the skin well, then gently pat it dry with a soft towel rather than rubbing. Apply the emollient immediately afterwards over the entire body, paying particular attention to the areas affected by eczema.
Clothing
Avoid woollen clothing and synthetic fabrics, as these may irritate the skin. Cotton clothing is usually the best choice, especially for garments worn next to the skin.
Do not overdress your child or allow them to become overheated, as sweating often aggravates eczema. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
Wash clothing with a non-biological detergent, rinse it thoroughly, and avoid using fabric softeners.
Home Environment
Keep your child's bedroom cool and well ventilated. There is generally no need to use a dehumidifier. Air the room daily and change bed linen regularly.
Regular vacuum cleaning and dusting with a damp cloth can help reduce household dust. Keep your child's fingernails short to minimise scratching, which can further damage the skin and increase the risk of infection.
Topical Steroids
During flare-ups, topical corticosteroid creams or ointments are often needed to control the inflammation.
These medicines should be used only under medical supervision. When used correctly, they are safe and highly effective. However, incorrect or prolonged use may lead to permanent side effects affecting the skin.
Apply the steroid cream only to the areas of active eczema. The emollient should continue to be applied liberally over the whole body, especially to the affected areas.
Discontinue the steroid once the skin is better, as directed by your doctor, but continue using the emollient every day.
In some cases, your doctor may prescribe alternative topical treatments (such as Elidel or Protopic), particularly for sensitive areas like the face.
Soothe the Itch
Antihistamines
During severe flare-ups, your doctor may also prescribe an antihistamine, such as Atarax, to be given in the evening. It helps to reduce itching and improve sleep.
Final Thoughts
Parents, do not allow your child to suffer unnecessarily because of eczema. Although it is a chronic condition, it can usually be controlled very successfully with appropriate treatment and good skin care. If your child's eczema is troublesome or worsening, seek medical advice.
A cool compress may provide temporary relief during an eczema flare. Apply a clean cloth soaked in cool water to the affected area for 5–10 minutes to help reduce itching and inflammation. Afterwards, gently dry the skin and apply a moisturiser.
Antihistamines
During severe flare-ups, your doctor may also prescribe an antihistamine, such as Atarax, to be given in the evening. It helps to reduce itching and improve sleep.
Final Thoughts
Parents, do not allow your child to suffer unnecessarily because of eczema. Although it is a chronic condition, it can usually be controlled very successfully with appropriate treatment and good skin care. If your child's eczema is troublesome or worsening, seek medical advice.
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